A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets.The unit cell of the diamond crystal.The diamond crystal bond structure gives the gem its hardness and differentiates it from graphite.Diamond, Cubic-F lattice, with a motif of C (0,0,0) and C (1/4,1/4,1/4).
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Diamonds

Diamond is one of the two best known forms (or allotropes) of carbon, whose hardness and high dispersion of light make it useful for industrial applications and jewelry (the other equally well known allotrope is graphite). more...

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Diamonds are specifically renowned as a mineral with superlative physical qualities - they make excellent abrasives because they can only be scratched by other diamonds, which also means they hold a polish extremely well and retain luster. About 130 million carats (26,000 kg) are mined annually, with a total value of nearly USD $9 billion.

The name "diamond" derives from the ancient Greek adamas (αδάμας; "impossible to tame"). They have been treasured as gems since their use as religious icons in India at least 2,500 years ago—and usage in drill bits and engraving tools also dates to early human history. Popularity of diamonds has risen since the 19th century because of improved cutting and polishing techniques, and they are commonly judged by the "four Cs": carat, clarity, color, and cut. Although nearly four times the mass of natural diamonds are produced as synthetic diamond each year, the vast majority of synthetic diamond production remains small, imperfect diamonds suitable only for industrial-grade use, with gem-quality synthetic diamonds only recently becoming available.

Most natural diamonds originate from central and southern Africa, although significant sources of the mineral have been discovered in Canada, Russia, Brazil, and Australia. They are generally mined from volcanic pipes, which are deep in the Earth where the high pressure and temperature enables the formation of the crystals. The mining and distribution of natural diamonds are subjects of frequent controversy—such as with concerns over the sale of conflict diamonds by African paramilitary groups. There are also allegations that the De Beers Group misuses its dominance in the industry to control supply and manipulate price via monopolistic practices.

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Antique 14K Cameo Pi/Pendant Diamond Necklace No ReservAntique 14K Cameo Pi/Pendant Diamond Necklace No Reserv $42.00 Vtg Italy Sterling Silver Solitaire Cz Necklace 18 1/2"Vtg Italy Sterling Silver Solitaire Cz Necklace 18 1/2" $2.57
Art Deco Sterling Signed Circles Necklace Italy Chain Art Deco Sterling Signed Circles Necklace Italy Chain $9.05 Antique 14K Gold & Opal StickpinAntique 14K Gold & Opal Stickpin $196.00
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925 Sterling Silver Ring Celtic Symbl Band V Shape Ring925 Sterling Silver Ring Celtic Symbl Band V Shape Ring $4.75 Sterling Silver Brighton Pavilion England 3D Charm NrSterling Silver Brighton Pavilion England 3D Charm Nr $19.99
vintage opal lady ring vintage opal lady ring $49.99 Vintage 800 Silver Gondola Pin MarcasiteVintage 800 Silver Gondola Pin Marcasite $0.99
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925 Sterling Silver Pendant Tigereye Diamond Shap Hinge925 Sterling Silver Pendant Tigereye Diamond Shap Hinge $5.75 Perfect Vintage Modernist Sterling Earrings! Signed RsPerfect Vintage Modernist Sterling Earrings! Signed Rs $19.99
Vtg Millefiori Art Glass Sterling Silver Necklace 22"Vtg Millefiori Art Glass Sterling Silver Necklace 22" $5.00 Antique Victorian Sterling Silver Bangle - Weh HaywardAntique Victorian Sterling Silver Bangle - Weh Hayward $14.99
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Prices current as of last update, 02/08/10 10:24pm.

See also...
Art Nouveau/Art Deco 1895-1935, Diamonds, Fine Vintage Jewelry
Designer, Signed, Diamonds, Fine Vintage Jewelry
Georgian, Pre-1837, Diamonds, Fine Vintage Jewelry
Men's, Diamonds, Fine Vintage Jewelry
Other Vintage, Antique, Diamonds, Fine Vintage Jewelry
Retro, Vintage 1940s-1980s, Diamonds, Fine Vintage Jewelry
Victorian, Edwardian 1837-1910, Diamonds, Fine Vintage Jewelry

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